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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Art Spivack ： ウィキペディア英語版 Art Spivack Arthur J. Spivack (July 9, 1956 - Queens, New York), or Art, is an American geochemist. He is currently a professor at the University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography. Spivack’s research interest is the geochemistry of the oceans, atmosphere, and crust. He developed the use of boron isotopes for determining the pH of ancient oceans.〔Spivack A.J., C.F. You, H.J. Smith."(Foraminiferal boron isotope ratios as a proxy for surface ocean pH over the past 21-Myr )." Nature 363(6425): 149-151.〕 This approach provides a principal basis for estimating atmospheric CO2 concentrations of the last several tens of million years.〔Pearson, P.N., and M.R. Palmer. "(Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 60 million years )." Nature 406(6797): 695-699.〕 He has also contributed to scientific understanding of geochemical fluxes in mid-ocean-ridge hydrothermal systems and subduction zones〔Spivack, A.J., and J.M. Edmond. "(Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust )." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 51(5), 1033-1043.〕 and understanding of subseafloor life.〔D'Hondt S, S. Rutherford, A.J. Spivack. "(Metabolic activity of subsurface life in deep-sea sediments )." Science 295(5562): 2067-2070.〕 Spivack received his bachelor's degree (1980) in chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and his Ph.D. in Oceanography from MIT and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (1986). == References == 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Art Spivack」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.